In Text Citation:
For intext citations, the author’s surname and year of publication is included, often but not always at the end of the sentence (see table below). When quoting directly from the source, page number is also provided. All sources cited must appear in the reference list at the end excepting personal communication.
| Narrative Citation | Parenthetical Citation | |
| Paraphrased Passage | According to Holmes (2022), deductive reasoning can help solve crimes. | Deductive reasoning can help solve crimes (Holmes, 2022). |
| Quoted Passage | Ali (2022) states that “academic integrity is a central part to one’s academic studies” (p. 1). | According to one study, “academic integrity is a central part to one’s academic studies” (Ali, 2022, p. 1). |
Reference List:
The general format for referencing journal articles
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number (issue number), page range. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy
The general format for referencing electronic sources/weblinks
If you are citing a web page with an individual author:
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
If the web page belongs to an organization or group rather than an individual:
Group name. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
If there is no date, just use (n.d.) to indicate that. The only other major thing is, if you are citing a web page that is likely to change over time (like a wiki), include a retrieved date.
Title of page. (Year, Month Date). Site name. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL
The format of citation and reference changes depending on the source. Refer to APA Style Introduction // Purdue Writing Lab for more information.
